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Saar Protectorate
The Saar Protectorate ((ドイツ語:Saarprotektorat); (フランス語:Protectorat de Sarre)) was a short-lived protectorate (1947–1956) partitioned from Germany after its defeat in World War II; it was administered by the French Fourth Republic. On rejoining West Germany in 1957, becoming the smallest "area state" ''(Flächenland)'', the Saarland, not counting the "city states" ''(Stadtstaaten)'' of Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen. It is named after the Saar River.
The region around the Saar River and its tributary valleys is a geographically folded, mineral rich, ethnically German, economically important, heavily industrialized area. It possesses well-developed transportation infrastructure that was one of the centres of the Industrial Revolution in Germany and around 1900 formed the third-largest area of coal, iron and steel industry in Germany (after the Ruhr Area and the Upper Silesian Coal Basin). From 1920 to 1935, as a result of World War I, the region was under the control of the League of Nations as the Territory of the Saar Basin. Near the end of World War II it was heavily bombed by the Allies as part of their strategic bombing campaigns.
Geographically, the post World War II protectorate corresponded to the current German state of Saarland (established after its incorporation into West Germany on 1 January 1957). A policy of industrial disarmament and dispersal of industrial workers was officially pursued by the allies after the war until 1951 and the region was made a protectorate under French control in 1947. Cold War pressures for a stronger Germany allowed renewed industrialization, and the French returned control of the region to the government of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957.
== History ==
The region had previously been occupied by France during the Napoleonic Wars, when it had been included in the First French Empire as the ''département Sarre'' between 1798 and 1814.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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